A fungal infection begins as a tiny dot under the surface of a toe or finger nail. If untreated, it then spreads and causes further discoloration, breakage and thickening. If still no actions are taken the infection will persist indefinitely. Luckily, there is a nail fungus treatment that can cure such infections.

The infection can be caused by many different microorganisms. Dermatophyte group fungi are only one possibility. Both yeasts and molds can also be culprits. All three of these organisms prefer wet and warm conditions. Therefore, they are usually found in showers and swimming pools.

Because of this, infections typically affect the toes more often. This is because toes are contained in dark, sometimes moist environments when shoes are worn. The microorganisms gain entry through cuts in skin or in the areas directly surrounding nails. Repeated exposure to the right conditions is necessary for infection to occur; one exposure is generally insufficient.

The first sign is a white or yellow dot. This color soon spreads, or darkens as materials build under the surface of nails. Increases in thickness, distortion and crumbling also occur. Onycholysis is another complication. This is when nails unnaturally disfigure and protrude from their surroundings. In addition to these, odors and a brittle, dull appearance are symptoms as well.

Doctors should be notified immediately when the first spot occurs, due to the persistent nature of infection. A sample of the material under the nail will be taken to determine which microorganism is present. The material will be either looked at under a microscope or undergo lab culture analysis. If the infection is caused by yeast, bacteria or fungi, treatment will generally differ accordingly.

Antifungal medications from over the counter are not the best option. Infections are persistent, and have a tendency to reoccur. Oral medications are much more effective, and are likely to be prescribed if patients have cellulitis, diabetes, or pain. If nails are particularly unattractive, this medication may also be prescribed at a patients request.

Oral medication must be taken from six weeks to three months, but it may take longer to see improvement. This is because it stimulates a new healthy nail to grow. Until the nail is completely replaced, damage can still be seen. It is important during this process to keep the area dry to avoid reinfection. Topical medications are sometimes used in conjunction with oral medications, to speed along the recovery process.

Lacquer is another option. It is applied every day for a weeks time. After a week, the built up layers are removed with alcohol and the process is repeated. This is used for cases that are less serious, and takes longer for full effect. Symptoms can continue to be observed for up to a year if using this treatment method.

The most extreme and painful infections can be treated with surgery. This process completely removes contaminated nails. New nails will grow, but this may take around a year.

These type of infections need to be cured as soon as they present themselves. If they are not, they only worsen and persist. Without treatment, there will be no improvement, so visiting a doctor is very important. Depending on cause and severity, treatment will vary.